Zener diode, also known as Zener diode, is a surface contact type crystal diode made of silicon material, which is a semiconductor device with high resistance until the critical reverse breakdown voltage. When the voltage regulator is reverse breakdown, the terminal voltage remains almost constant within a certain current range (or in a certain power loss range), exhibiting voltage stabilizing characteristics. Therefore, it is widely used in voltage stabilizing power supplies and limiting circuits. The voltage regulator diode is classified based on the breakdown voltage, and due to this characteristic, the voltage regulator is mainly used as a voltage regulator or voltage reference component. Zener diodes can be connected in series for use at higher voltages, and by connecting them in series, more stable voltage can be obtained, known as bidirectional voltage regulators. A voltage regulator is also a type of crystal diode that operates by utilizing the stable voltage characteristic of the breakdown region of the PN junction. Voltage stabilizing tubes are widely used in voltage stabilizing equipment and some electronic circuits. This type of diode is called a voltage regulator to distinguish it from diodes used in rectification, detection, and other unidirectional conductive applications. After the reverse breakdown of the voltage regulator, although the current varies within a large range, the voltage change at both ends of the voltage regulator is very small. By utilizing this characteristic, the voltage regulator can play a stabilizing role in the circuit. Strictly speaking, a three terminal voltage regulator belongs to an integrated circuit, which compares the output voltage with the internal reference voltage and drives the regulator to adjust to a stable value. Individual components can be roughly judged for damage by measuring the resistance between each pin with a multimeter, preferably when connected to the circuit for measurement. The voltage adjustment rate and ripple indicators can only be tested with professional instruments. Under amateur conditions, an oscilloscope can also be used for qualitative inspection
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