Electric energy measurement, the measurement of the electrical energy consumed by a circuit or system. Electric energy measurement is of great significance for the economic calculation of energy conversion efficiency and user electricity consumption. Electric energy is the accumulation of active power over time, which is the period of time planned to accumulate. The basic unit of electrical energy is the watt second, but the commonly used unit is the kilowatt hour, which is commonly known as 1 kilowatt hour. The main methods for measuring energy include the watt stopwatch method and the electricity meter method. The watt stopwatch method uses a power meter and a stopwatch to measure electrical energy. The electrical energy measurement of three-phase systems is similar to the electrical power measurement. For three-phase four wire systems, three single-phase energy meters can be used to measure electrical energy, and the connection method is the same as the power meter for three-phase four wire systems. For a three-phase three-wire system, two single-phase energy meters can be used for measurement, and their connection method is also the same as the connection method for two power meters in a three-phase three-wire system. The use of time-of-use electricity meters can separate the measurement and pricing of peak and valley electricity consumption, which is an effective measure to adjust the electricity load through economic means. The time-sharing billing device (see Figure 3) uses a measurement mechanism of an induction based energy meter, combined with the method of photoelectric sensing, to convert the revolutions of the aluminum disk in the energy meter into electrical pulses. The number of pulses within a certain period of time represents the electrical energy consumed by the load during that period. Then, the time control device controls the peak load and valley load metering devices based on the set starting and ending times of peak and valley electricity consumption to achieve time-sharing billing. With the development of power electronics technology and the widespread application of power electronic devices, voltage and current waveforms are severely distorted, and special energy meters that can measure non sinusoidal waveforms have been developed
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